知到网课英语报刊阅读进阶智慧树答案
第一章 单元测试
1、判断题：
Language can be used to construct objects, people, and events. In other words, linguistic resources, such as terms, tropes, metaphors, and so on, can be used to manufacture particular accounts of objects, people, and events. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
2、判断题：
Horace Miner’s 1956 article “Body Ritual among the Nacirema” supposedly describes a North American tribe whose daily lives are based on body rituals. ( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
3、判断题：
As a parody of an anthropological report, Horace Miner’s “Body Ritual among the Nacirema” actually concerns the daily life of the American people in the 1950s. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
4、多选题：
The Nacirema example shows that ( ).
选项：
A:Description is tied to evaluation.
B:The Nacirema are overly obsessed with rituals.
C:Surrounding any one object, event, person, etc., there may be a variety of different ways of representing it to the world.
D:The American are primitive and superstitious.
答案: 【Description is tied to evaluation.;
Surrounding any one object, event, person, etc., there may be a variety of different ways of representing it to the world.】
5、判断题：
Language can construct particular versions of reality and affect the way we think about it. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
第二章 单元测试
1、判断题：
Social constructionism would agree that the world exists as an object out there for us to observe and understand. ( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【错】
2、判断题：
The social constructionist idea that everything we consider real is socially constructed means that nothing is real or there is no reality. ( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【错】
3、多选题：
The social constructionist tenets outlined in Burr (1995) include ( ).
选项：
A:We should take a critical stance towards taken-for-granted knowledge.
B:Knowledge is historically and culturally specific.
C:Knowledge is sustained by social processes.
D:Knowledge and social action go together.
答案: 【We should take a critical stance towards taken-for-granted knowledge.;
Knowledge is historically and culturally specific.;
Knowledge is sustained by social processes. ;
Knowledge and social action go together.】
4、单选题：
Which of the following is NOT included as central assumptions of social constructionism in Gergen (2008)? ( )
选项：
A:The way in which we understand the world is not required by “what there is”.
B:Constructions gain their significance from their social utility.
C:Our knowledge is a direct perception of reality.
D:The ways in which we describe and explain the world are the outcomes of relationship.
答案: 【Our knowledge is a direct perception of reality.】
5、多选题：
In light of social constructionism, which of the following can be said about news reports? ( )
选项：
A:Descriptions of an event or a person in a news report will have an impact not only on how we think of them but also on how we feel about and deal with them.
B:News reports gain their significance from their social utility instead of their “objectivity”.
C:News reports should accurately or truly depict the world.
D:As constructions of the world, no news report can be judged to be any nearer the truth than other reports.
答案: 【Descriptions of an event or a person in a news report will have an impact not only on how we think of them but also on how we feel about and deal with them.;
News reports gain their significance from their social utility instead of their “objectivity”. ;
As constructions of the world, no news report can be judged to be any nearer the truth than other reports.】
第三章 单元测试
1、单选题：
Postmodernism rejects the following ideas EXCEPT ( ).
选项：
A:There can be an ultimate truth.
B:The world as we see it is the result of hidden structures.
C:The world can be understood in terms of grand theories or metanarratives.
D:There could be no “对” reading of a poem or novel.
答案: 【There could be no “对” reading of a poem or novel.】
2、判断题：
All authoritative accounts of the world contain implicit values and are subject to ideological critique. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
3、多选题：
From a deconstructionist perspective, which of the following statements about rationality are 对? ( )
选项：
A:Rationality contributes most importantly to the capacities for human survival.
B:The power to reason sets humans above the remainder of the animal kingdom.
C:When rational arguments are placed under close scrutiny, reason gives way to chaos and lies empty.
D:Rational arguments bring about a massive suppression of meaning.
答案: 【When rational arguments are placed under close scrutiny, reason gives way to chaos and lies empty.;
Rational arguments bring about a massive suppression of meaning.】
4、多选题：
Which of the following publications are known to contribute significantly to the evolution of our understanding of science as social construction? ( )
选项：
A:Karl Mannheim’s
B:Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann’s
C:Peter Winch’s
D:Ludwig Fleck’s
答案: 【Karl Mannheim’s ;
Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann’s ;
Peter Winch’s ;
Ludwig Fleck’s】
5、单选题：
Thomas Kuhn proposed in his that our propositions about the world are embedded within ( ), roughly a network of interrelated commitments to a particular theory, conception of a subject matter, and methodological practices.
选项：
A:systems
B:practices
C:structures
D:paradigms
答案: 【paradigms】
第四章 单元测试
1、判断题：
The social constructionist view of language holds that personality or experience cannot pre-date language and that the person is constructed through language. ( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
2、单选题：
In Saussurean linguistics, signs have two parts to them: ( ). The former is a word, a spoken sound, used to refer to a thing, and the latter is the thing referred to.
选项：
A:power and resistance
B:knowledge and power
C:the signifier and the signified
D:discourse and power
答案: 【the signifier and the signified】
3、多选题：
Saussure made some important points about signs, including ( ).
选项：
A:Signs are the things that populate our mental life, things we may refer to, talk to others about, muse upon, try to describe and so on.
B:The meaning of a sign resides not intrinsically in that sign itself, but in its relationship to other signs.
C:Once a signifier becomes attached to a signified, this relationship becomes fixed.
D:The link between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary.
答案: 【The meaning of a sign resides not intrinsically in that sign itself, but in its relationship to other signs.;
Once a signifier becomes attached to a signified, this relationship becomes fixed.;
The link between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary.】
4、判断题：
The fundamental argument of poststructuralism is that the meanings carried by language are never fixed, always open to question, always contestible, and always temporary. ( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
5、判断题：
Since the meaning of language is shifting, transitory, and contestible, newspaper articles are open to multiple readings. ( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
第五章 单元测试
1、单选题：
( ) refers to a set of meanings, metaphors, representations, images, stories, statements and so on that in some way together produce a particular version of objects, events, or people.
选项：
A:Knowledge
B:Construction
C:Text
D:Discourse
答案: 【Discourse】
2、判断题：
Discourses show up in texts, and texts are dependent for their meaning upon the discursive context in which they appear. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
3、多选题：
What are the criteria for identifying discourses set out by Ian Parker in his 1992 book ? ( )
选项：
A:A discourse is about objects.
B:A discourse is realized in texts.
C:A discourse is a coherent system of meanings.
D:A discourse contains subjects.
答案: 【A discourse is about objects. ;
A discourse is realized in texts. ;
A discourse is a coherent system of meanings. ;
A discourse contains subjects.】
4、判断题：
Discourses are intimately connected to the way that society is organized and run. ( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
5、多选题：
From a discourse perspective, when we read a newspaper article we need to ( ).
选项：
A:infer words’ meaning from context
B:scan before we read
C:study the implications of the discourses at work in the article
D:identify and examine the discourses operating in the article
答案: 【study the implications of the discourses at work in the article;
identify and examine the discourses operating in the article】
第六章 单元测试
1、多选题：
Which of the following statements are 对 according to Michel Foucault’s conception of knowledge? ( )
选项：
A:Knowledge means one’s acquaintance with facts, truths, or principles, as from study or investigation.
B:When we define or represent something in a particular way, we are producing a particular “knowledge” which brings power with it.
C:What it is possible for one person to do to another, under what rights and obligations, is given by the version of events currently taken as knowledge.
D:Knowledge refers to the particular construction or version of a phenomenon that has received the stamp of “truth” in a society.
答案: 【When we define or represent something in a particular way, we are producing a particular “knowledge” which brings power with it.;
What it is possible for one person to do to another, under what rights and obligations, is given by the version of events currently taken as knowledge.;
Knowledge refers to the particular construction or version of a phenomenon that has received the stamp of “truth” in a society.】
2、判断题：
Michel Foucault believes that to define the world or a person in a way that allows you to do the things you want is to exercise power. ( )
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【对】
3、单选题：
According to Michel Foucault, the way that western societies are managed and controlled has been shifted away from sovereign power towards ( ), in which people are disciplined and controlled by freely subjecting themselves to the scrutiny of experts and to their own self-scrutiny.
选项：
A:constitutional power
B:disciplinary power
C:absolute power
D:self discipline
答案: 【disciplinary power】
4、单选题：
Which of the following tries to trace back to uncover the conditions which allowed a certain discourse or knowledge to emerge into a culture? ( )
选项：
A:social construction
B:archaeology of knowledge
C:deconstruction
D:discourse analysis
答案: 【archaeology of knowledge】
5、单选题：
( ) refer to the mechanisms by which people are manipulated and controlled by ideology, such as schools, the church, the media, the family and so on.
选项：
A:Ideological state apparatuses
B:sovereign power
C:disciplinary power
D:resistance
答案: 【Ideological state apparatuses】
第七章 单元测试
1、判断题：
According to Phillips and Hardy (2002), discourse analysis is interested in ascertaining the constructive effects of discourse through the structured and systematic study of texts. ( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
2、多选题：
The guiding principles for discourse analysis include ( ).
选项：
A:Aim for change and intervention.
B:Forget about objectivity.
C:Stay reflexive.
D:Focus on language.
答案: 【Aim for change and intervention.;
Forget about objectivity.;
Stay reflexive.;
Focus on language.】
3、多选题：
Potter and Wetherell (1987) suggest that discourse analysis has three major components, including ( ).
选项：
A:deconstruction
B:function
C:construction
D:variation
答案: 【function;
construction;
variation】
4、多选题：
The three major components of discourse analysis suggested in Potter and Wetherell (1987) tell us that ( ).
选项：
A:Language plays a constructive role in our social lives.
B:Power is not some form of possession but an effect of discourse.
C:The same phenomenon can be described in a number of different ways. There will, therefore, be considerable variation in accounts.
D:Language is used for a variety of functions and its use has a variety of consequences.
答案: 【Language plays a constructive role in our social lives.;
The same phenomenon can be described in a number of different ways. There will, therefore, be considerable variation in accounts.;
Language is used for a variety of functions and its use has a variety of consequences.】
5、判断题：
Language uses of a text yield clues as to the discourses that are operating through them, and eventually discourses will be abstracted from these language uses. ( )
选项：
A:错
B:对
答案: 【对】
第八章 单元测试
1、单选题：
The word “scourge” in the sentence “The words seemed to suggest that Covid-19 didn’t matter much if it was a scourge only among the old.” means ( ).
选项：
A:something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc.
B:a thing that causes trouble or suffering
C:the work of a person, group, or organization to achieve something
D:a method for doing or achieving something, usually involving a series of actions or stages
答案: 【a thing that causes trouble or suffering】
2、单选题：
The phrase “train wreck” in the sentence “I met an 87-year-old with heart, kidney, spine, blood and joint disease — the sort of patient some doctors refer to as a ‘train wreck’” means ( ).
选项：
A:an utter disaster or mess
B:big damage
C:a great loss
D:a train accident
答案: 【an utter disaster or mess】
3、单选题：
The object that is being constructed in the article “‘Covid-19 Kills Only Old People.’ Only?” is ( ).
选项：
A:the US responses to address the shortage of medical supplies caused by Covid-19
B:the outbreak of Covid-19 in the US
C:the problem of an ageing population in the US
D:American society’s attitude to old people
答案: 【American society’s attitude to old people】
4、单选题：
Which of the following themes do statements such as “Covid-19 didn’t matter much if it was a scourge only among the old.” and “old people ‘less worthy of the best efforts to contain it [Covid-19]’” instantiate? ( )
选项：
A:The danger of ageism in the era of Covid-19
B:The danger of ageism in general
C:Discrimination against old people
D:The danger of Covid-19
答案: 【Discrimination against old people】
5、多选题：
Which of the following discourses are operating in the article “‘Covid-19 Kills Only Old People.’ Only?” ( )
选项：
A:Ageism is widely accepted in the US.
B:Ageism is particularly dangerous in the era of Covid-19.
C:Covid-19 seems to cause more serious illnesses in old people.
D:American society discriminates against old people.
答案: 【Ageism is particularly dangerous in the era of Covid-19.;
American society discriminates against old people.】
